說(shuō)起英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)，大概每個(gè)人都有難忘的回憶?？墒菍W(xué)了十幾、二十年的英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)，你會(huì)用英語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)數(shù)學(xué)嗎？爛熟于心的數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和表達(dá)式用英語(yǔ)會(huì)說(shuō)嗎？想不想挑戰(zhàn)一下自己？

數(shù)學(xué)縮寫列表

This article is a listing of abbreviated names of mathematical functions, function-like operators and other mathematical terminology.

這篇文章是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)，類似于函數(shù)的操作符和其他的數(shù)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的縮寫名列表。

This list is limited to abbreviations of two or more letters. The capitalization of some of these abbreviations is not standardized – different authors use different capitalizations.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

這個(gè)列表受限于兩個(gè)或更多字母的縮略語(yǔ)。其中，一些縮略語(yǔ)字母大寫并不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 - 不同的作者使用不同的大寫形式。

AC – Axiom of Choice.[1] 選擇公理

a.c. – absolutely continuous. 絕對(duì)連續(xù)的

acrd – inverse chord function. 逆弦函數(shù)

adj – adjugate of a matrix. 矩陣的伴隨矩陣

a.e. – almost everywhere. 殆遍，幾乎處處

Ai – Airy function. 艾里函數(shù)

AL – Action limit. 處置界限

Alt – alternating group (Alt(n) is also written as An.) 交錯(cuò)群

A.M. – arithmetic mean. 算數(shù)平均數(shù)

arccos – inverse cosine function. 反余弦函數(shù)

arccosec – inverse cosecant function. (Also written as arccsc.) 反余割函數(shù)

arccot – inverse cotangent function. 反余切函數(shù)

arccsc – inverse cosecant function. (Also written as arccosec.) 反余割函數(shù)

arcexc – inverse excosecant function. (Also written as arcexcsc, arcexcosec.) 反外余割函數(shù)

arcexcosec – inverse excosecant function. (Also written as arcexcsc, arcexc.) 反外余割函數(shù)

arcexcsc – inverse excosecant function. (Also written as arcexcosec, arcexc.) 反外余割函數(shù)

arcexs – inverse exsecant function. (Also written as arcexsec.) 反外正割函數(shù)

arcexsec – inverse exsecant function. (Also written as arcexs.) 反外正割函數(shù)

arcosech – inverse hyperbolic cosecant function. (Also written as arcsch.) 反雙曲余割函數(shù)

arcosh – inverse hyperbolic cosine function. 反雙曲余弦函數(shù)

arcoth – inverse hyperbolic cotangent function. 反雙曲余切函數(shù)

arcsch – inverse hyperbolic cosecant function. (Also written as arcosech.) 反雙曲余割函數(shù)

arcsec – inverse secant function. 反正割函數(shù)

arcsin – inverse sine function. 反正弦函數(shù)

arctan – inverse tangent function. 反正切函數(shù)

arctan2 – inverse tangent function with two arguments. (Also written as atan2.) 帶有2個(gè)參數(shù)的反正切函數(shù)

arg – argument of a complex number.[2] 復(fù)數(shù)的參數(shù)

arg max – argument of the maximum. 最大值時(shí)的參數(shù)

arg min – argument of the minimum. 最小值時(shí)的參數(shù)

arsech – inverse hyperbolic secant function. 反雙曲正割函數(shù)

arsinh – inverse hyperbolic sine function. 反雙曲正弦函數(shù)

artanh – inverse hyperbolic tangent function. 反雙曲正切函數(shù)

a.s. – almost surely. 殆必，幾乎必然

atan2 – inverse tangent function with two arguments. (Also written as arctan2.) 同 arctan2，帶有兩個(gè)參數(shù)的反正切函數(shù)

A.P. – arithmetic progression. 等差數(shù)列

Aut – automorphism group. 自同構(gòu)群

bd – boundary. 邊界（拓?fù)鋵W(xué)）

Bi – Airy function of the second kind. 第二類艾里函數(shù)

Bias – bias of an estimator 估計(jì)器偏置

Card – cardinality of a set.[3] (Card(X) is also written #X, ?X or |X|.) 集合的勢(shì)

cdf – cumulative distribution function. 累積分布函數(shù)

c.f. – cumulative frequency. 累積頻率

char – characteristic of a ring. 環(huán)的特征

Chi – hyperbolic cosine integral function. 雙曲余弦積分函數(shù)

Ci – cosine integral function. 余弦積分函數(shù)

cis – cos + i sin function. 歐拉公式函數(shù)

Cl – conjugacy class. 共軛類

cl – topological closure. 拓?fù)鋵W(xué)閉包

cod, codom – codomain. 到達(dá)域

cok, coker – cokernel. 上核，余核

Cor – corollary. 推論，余定理

corr – correlation. 相關(guān)

cos – cosine function. 余弦函數(shù)

cosec – cosecant function. (Also written as csc.) 余割函數(shù)

cosech – hyperbolic cosecant function. (Also written as csch.) 雙曲余割函數(shù)

cosh – hyperbolic cosine function. 雙曲余弦函數(shù)

cosiv – coversine function. (Also written as cover, covers, cvs.) 余矢函數(shù)

cot – cotangent function. (Also written as ctg.) 余切函數(shù)

coth – hyperbolic cotangent function. 雙曲余切函數(shù)

cov – covariance of a pair of random variables. 協(xié)方差

cover – coversine function. (Also written as covers, cvs, cosiv.) 余矢函數(shù)

covercos – covercosine function. (Also written as cvc.) 正矢函數(shù)

covers – coversine function. (Also written as cover, cvs, cosiv.) 余矢函數(shù)

crd – chord function. 弦（幾何）函數(shù)

csc – cosecant function. (Also written as cosec.) 余割函數(shù)

csch – hyperbolic cosecant function. (Also written as cosech.) 雙曲余割函數(shù)

ctg – cotangent function. (Also written as cot.) 余切函數(shù)

curl – curl of a vector field. (Also written as rot.) 向量場(chǎng)的旋度

cvc – covercosine function. (Also written as covercos.) 余余矢函數(shù)

cvs – coversine function. (Also written as cover, covers, cosiv.) 正余矢函數(shù)

def – define or definition. 定義

deg – degree of a polynomial. (Also written as ?.) 多項(xiàng)式的次數(shù)

del – del, a differential operator. (Also written as .) 微分運(yùn)算符

det – determinant of a matrix or linear transformation. 矩陣或線性變換的行列式

dim – dimension of a vector space. 向量空間的維度

div – divergence of a vector field. 向量場(chǎng)的散度

dkl – decalitre 公斗。公斗是一個(gè)容積單位，符號(hào)是daL。公斗本身不是國(guó)際單位制(SI)單位，而是接受與SI合并使用的非SI單位。1 公斗等于10 公升。

DNE – a solution for an expression does not exist, or is undefined. Generally used with limits and integrals. 不存在，或未定義，通常用于極限和積分。

dom – domain of a function.[1] (Or, more generally, a relation.) 函數(shù)的定義域

End – categories of endomorphisms. 自同態(tài)范疇

Ei – exponential integral function. 指數(shù)積分函數(shù)

Eqn – equation. 方程

erf – error function. 誤差函數(shù)

erfc – complementary error function. 余誤差函數(shù)（互補(bǔ)誤差函數(shù)）

etr — exponent of the trace. 跡指數(shù)

exc — excosecant function. (Also written as excsc, excosec.) 外余割函數(shù)

excosec — excosecant function. (Also written as excsc, exc.) 外余割函數(shù)

excsc — excosecant function. (Also written as excosec, exc.) 外余割函數(shù)

exs — exsecant function. (Also written as exsec.) 外正割函數(shù)

exsec — exsecant function. (Also written as exs.) 外正割函數(shù)

exp – exponential function. (exp x is also written as ex.) 指數(shù)函數(shù)

expm1 – exponential minus 1 function. (Also written as exp1m.) 指數(shù)減1函數(shù)

exp1m – exponential minus 1 function. (Also written as expm1.) 指數(shù)減1函數(shù)

Ext – Ext functor. Ext 函子

ext – exterior. 外部（拓?fù)鋵W(xué)）

FIP – finite intersection property. 有限交集性質(zhì)

FOL – first-order logic. 一階邏輯

Frob – Frobenius endomorphism. 弗羅貝尼烏斯自同態(tài)

Gal – Galois group. (Also written as Γ.) 伽羅瓦群

gcd – greatest common divisor of two numbers. (Also written as hcf.) 兩個(gè)數(shù)的最大公因數(shù)

gd – Gudermannian function. 古德曼函數(shù)

GF – Galois field. 伽羅瓦，即有限域（Finite field）

GL – general linear group. 一般線性群

G.M. – geometric mean. 幾何平均數(shù)

glb – greatest lower bound. (Also written as inf.) 最大下界

G.P. – geometric progression. 等比數(shù)列

grad – gradient of a function. 函數(shù)梯度

hacover – hacoversine function. (Also written as hacovers, hcv.) 正半余矢函數(shù)

hacovercos – hacovercosine function. (Also written as hcc.) 余半余矢函數(shù)

hacovers – hacoversine function. (Also written as hacover, hcv.) 正半余矢函數(shù)

hav – haversine function. (Also written as sem.) 正半正矢函數(shù)

havercos – havercosine function. (Also written as hvc.) 余半正矢函數(shù)

hcc – hacovercosine function. (Also written as hacovercos.) 余半余矢函數(shù)

hcv – hacoversine function. (Also written as hacover, hacovers.) 正半余矢函數(shù)

hcf – highest common factor of two numbers. (Also written as gcd.) 最大公因數(shù)

H.M. – harmonic mean. 調(diào)和平均數(shù)

HOL – higher-order logic. 高階邏輯

Hom – Hom functor. Hom 函子

hom – hom-class hom類

hvc – havercosine function. (Also written as havercos.) 余半正矢函數(shù)

iff – if and only if. 當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)

iid – independent and identically distributed random variables. 獨(dú)立同分布隨機(jī)變量

Im – imaginary part of a complex number[2] (Also written as ).復(fù)數(shù)的虛部

im – image 像（數(shù)學(xué)）

inf – infimum of a set. (Also written as glb.) 集合的下確界

int – interior. 內(nèi)部（拓?fù)鋵W(xué)）

ker – kernel. 核（范疇論 Category theory）

lb – binary logarithm (log2). (Also written as ld.) 以2為底的對(duì)數(shù)

lcm – lowest common multiple or least common multiple of two numbers. 兩個(gè)數(shù)的最小公倍數(shù)

ld – binary logarithm (log2). (Also written as lb.) 以2為底的對(duì)數(shù)

lerp – linear interpolation.[4] 線性插值

lg – common logarithm (log10) or binary logarithm (log2). 常用對(duì)數(shù)或以2為底的對(duì)數(shù)

LHS – left-hand side of an equation. 方程的左側(cè)

Li – offset logarithmic integral function. 偏移對(duì)數(shù)積分函數(shù)

li – logarithmic integral function or linearly independent. 對(duì)數(shù)積分函數(shù)或線性無(wú)關(guān)

lim – limit of a sequence, or of a function. 數(shù)列極限或函數(shù)極限

lim inf – limit inferior. 下極限

lim sup – limit superior. 上極限

ln – natural logarithm, loge. 自然對(duì)數(shù)

lnp1 – natural logarithm plus 1 function. 自然對(duì)數(shù)加1極限

ln1p – natural logarithm plus 1 function. 自然對(duì)數(shù)加1極限

log – logarithm. (If without a subscript, this may mean either log10 or loge.) 對(duì)數(shù)

logh – natural logarithm, loge.[5] 自然對(duì)數(shù)

LST – language of set theory. 集合論語(yǔ)言

lub – least upper bound.[1] (Also written sup.) 最小上界

max – maximum of a set. 集合的最大值

M.I. – mathematical induction. 數(shù)學(xué)歸納法

min – minimum of a set. 集合的最小值

mod – modulo. 模數(shù)運(yùn)算

mtanh – modified hyperbolic tangent function. (Also written as mth.) 修改后的雙曲正切函數(shù)

mth – modified hyperbolic tangent function. (Also written as mtanh.) 修改后的雙曲正切函數(shù)

mx – matrix. 矩陣

NAND – not-and in logic. 與非邏輯

No. – number. 數(shù)

NOR – not-or in logic. 或非邏輯

NTS – need to show. 需要展示，需要展現(xiàn)

ob – object class. 對(duì)象類

ord – ordinal number of a well-ordered set.[3] 良序集的序數(shù)

pdf – probability density function. 概率密度函數(shù)

pf – proof. 證明

PGL – projective general linear group. 射影一般線性群

pmf – probability mass function. 概率質(zhì)量函數(shù)

Pr – probability of an event. (See Probability theory. Also written as P or .) 事件概率

PSL – projective special linear group. 射影特殊線性群

QED – "Quod erat demonstrandum", a Latin phrase used at the end of a definitive proof. 證明完畢，拉丁語(yǔ)，用在明確證明的結(jié)束處。

QEF – "quod erat faciendum", a Latin phrase sometimes used at the end of a construction. 拉丁語(yǔ)，meaning "which had to be done"，有時(shí)用在一次作圖的結(jié)尾，意思是這就是要做的。

ran – range of a function. 函數(shù)的值域

rank – rank. (Also written as rk.) 秩（線性代數(shù)）

Re – real part of a complex number.[2] (Also written .) 復(fù)數(shù)的實(shí)數(shù)部分

resp – respectively. 分別地，各自地

RHS – right-hand side of an equation. 方程的右側(cè)

rk – rank. (Also written as rank.) 秩（線性代數(shù)）

RMS, rms – root mean square. 均方根

rng – non-unital ring. 偽環(huán)pseudo-ring

rot – rotor of a vector field. (Also written as curl.) 向量場(chǎng)的旋度

RTP – required to prove. 需要證明

RV – Random Variable. (or as R.V.) 隨機(jī)變量

sec – secant function. 正割函數(shù)

sech – hyperbolic secant function. 雙曲正割函數(shù)

seg – initial segment of.[1] 初始線段，起始線段

sem – haversine function. (Also written as hav.) 正半正矢函數(shù)

SFIP – strong finite intersection property. 強(qiáng)有限交集性質(zhì)

sgn – signum function. 符號(hào)函數(shù)

Shi – hyperbolic sine integral function. 雙曲正弦積分函數(shù)

Si – sine integral function. 正弦積分函數(shù)

sin – sine function. 正弦函數(shù)

sinc – sinc function. sinc函數(shù)

sinh – hyperbolic sine function. 雙曲正弦函數(shù)

siv – versine function. (Also written as ver, vers.) 正矢函數(shù)

SL – special linear group. 特殊線性組

Soln – solution. 解答

sp – linear span of a set of vectors. (Also written with angle brackets.) 一組向量的線性范圍

Spec – spectrum of a ring. 環(huán)的譜

s.t. – such that or so that. 以便

st – standard part function. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局部函數(shù)

STP – [it is] sufficient to prove. 足以證明

sup – supremum of a set.[1] (Also written lub.) 上確界，最小上界

supp – support of a function. 函數(shù)的支撐集

Sym – symmetric group (Sym(n) is also written as Sn.) 對(duì)稱群（n次對(duì)稱群）

tan – tangent function. (Also written as tgn, tg.) 正切函數(shù)

tanh – hyperbolic tangent function. 雙曲正切函數(shù)

TFAE – the following are equivalent. 以下是等價(jià)的

tg – tangent function. (Also written as tan, tgn.) 正切函數(shù)

tgn – tangent function. (Also written as tan, tg.) 正切函數(shù)

Thm – theorem. 定理

Tor – Tor functor. Tor 函子

Tr – trace, either the field trace, or the trace of a matrix or linear transformation. 跡，或場(chǎng)跡，或矩陣或線性變換的跡

undef – a function or expression is undefined 函數(shù)或表達(dá)式未定義

var – variance of a random variable. 隨機(jī)變量的方差

vcs – vercosine function. (Also written as vercos.) 余矢函數(shù)

ver – versine function. (Also written as vers, siv.) 正矢函數(shù)

vercos – vercosine function. (Also written as vcs.) 余矢函數(shù)

vers – versine function. (Also written as ver, siv.) 正矢函數(shù)

W^5 – which was what we wanted. Synonym of Q.E.D. 這就是我們想要的，Q.E.D.的同義詞

walog – without any loss of generality. 不失一般性

wff – well-formed formula. 合式公式

whp – with high probability. 很大概率地

wlog – without loss of generality. 不失一般性

WMA – we may assume. 我們可能假設(shè)

WO – well-ordered set.[1] 良序集

wp1 - with probability 1. 以概率1

wrt – with respect to or with regard to. 對(duì)

WTP – want to prove. 想要證明

WTS – want to show. 想要展示，想要展現(xiàn)

XOR – exclusive or in logic. 異或邏輯

ZF – Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms of set theory.[3] 集合論的策梅洛-弗蘭克爾公理

ZFC – Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms (with the Axiom of Choice) of set theory.[3] 集合論的（含有選擇公理）策梅洛-弗蘭克爾公理

先來(lái)一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的：1+2=3 用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)？

One plus two equals three. 哎呦不錯(cuò)哦， 繼續(xù)！

嘗試：? (x + y)英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)？

這個(gè)呢？

這個(gè)呢？

就知道你說(shuō)不出來(lái)咯～今天這篇文章，將從小學(xué)到博士后的數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和表達(dá)式的英文讀法一網(wǎng)打盡，全都總結(jié)好了！驚不驚喜？意不意外？！

這篇文章囊括了從小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)到高等數(shù)學(xué)，涉及到的主要符號(hào)和表達(dá)式的英文讀法，查閱了很多資料，確保英文100%準(zhǔn)確，請(qǐng)放心使用。

數(shù)學(xué)是所有理工學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)，是認(rèn)識(shí)科學(xué)世界基本工具，數(shù)學(xué)的重要性不言而喻。所以，這篇文章是老少咸宜的、吐血總結(jié)的干貨?？梢詭椭?/p>

中小學(xué)生：了解英語(yǔ)不僅是“I am a student.My name is XXX.”,而是真正用于學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)、學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)的工具。

大學(xué)生：在外教課堂、國(guó)際會(huì)議、外企，面對(duì)常見(jiàn)的數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)，簡(jiǎn)單得不能再簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題時(shí)，不再茶壺里煮餃子倒不出來(lái)。

留學(xué)黨：縮短剛到國(guó)外聽(tīng)懂老師課堂講課的過(guò)渡期。

學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)可以為你家寶寶留著哦～

基本數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)

1、加減乘除

"+"當(dāng)作運(yùn)算符加號(hào)時(shí)讀作plus，比如：

1+2 ?? one plus two

當(dāng)"+"放在數(shù)字前表示正數(shù)時(shí)，讀作positive，比如：

+4 ?? positive four

同樣，“-”也有minus和negative兩種讀法，分別是減號(hào)和負(fù)數(shù)。

"×" 兩種讀法都可以，國(guó)外的教授會(huì)常常讀成times，可能因?yàn)楸容^簡(jiǎn)單吧，比如：

9x6 ?? nine times six

“÷”只有一種讀法divided by，就是被…分成幾份

15÷3 ?? fifteen is divided by three

注意：

其中plus和minus是不用第三人稱單數(shù)形式的，因?yàn)閜lus和minus根本就不是動(dòng)詞，而是介詞。

但是乘和除，的的確確是動(dòng)詞，出現(xiàn)第三人稱單數(shù)的形式。您記住了嗎？

2、比較運(yùn)算符

比較運(yùn)算符用來(lái)比較兩個(gè)表達(dá)式的大小關(guān)系，比如：1+4>3 ?? one plus four is greater thanthree

為什么用is？

這里one plus four 是介詞plus 連接兩個(gè)名詞，但是one plus four 作為一個(gè)整體當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)，因此不用are，而是is

4+5=9 ?? four plus five equalsnine 或 four plus five is equal tonine

其他的類推，只要你認(rèn)識(shí)數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)，應(yīng)該不難用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)出來(lái)。

3、括號(hào)

括號(hào)是最常見(jiàn)的數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)了。

中文里同類詞習(xí)慣有相同的部分，比如：卡車、消防車、救護(hù)車都有“車”字。小括號(hào)，中括號(hào)，大括號(hào)都是括號(hào)。（多么科學(xué)?。。?/p>

而英語(yǔ)里卡車、消防車、救護(hù)車分別是truck, fire engine, ambulance一點(diǎn)都不像。

英語(yǔ)里小括號(hào)，中括號(hào)，大括號(hào)這三個(gè)詞也是沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)相似，分別是：parenthesis，bracket，brace.（太不科學(xué)了?。?/p>

左括號(hào)叫做left或open，右括號(hào)叫做right或closed. 下次碰到了就大膽地說(shuō)出來(lái)吧！

4、級(jí)數(shù)表示

哇～到中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)了～這張表里的“a”是變量，而不是冠詞“一個(gè)”的意思哦。

|a|是a的絕對(duì)值或絕對(duì)值a， 英文讀作absolute value of a, 非常好理解。

a是什么？a撇就是與a相關(guān)又不想重復(fù)的時(shí)候會(huì)用一下，英語(yǔ)里讀成aprime, 同樣有兩撇adouble prime，三撇a triple prime…

但是注意了，如果a表示時(shí)間分秒里的分，或者其他有具體意義的時(shí)候，就要按照具體意義讀了。

是a的n次方，是n 個(gè)a 相乘的結(jié)果，讀作a super n或者ato the n

這兩個(gè)初中代數(shù)就出現(xiàn)了，讀作 abar和 astar. Bar就是 桿的意思。 a上面有個(gè)桿。中文怎么讀？ a杠， a星。

square是數(shù)學(xué)里的平方，cube是立方，root是根號(hào)，這幾個(gè)詞用于表示開(kāi)方

是最常出現(xiàn)的了，讀作 asub n，一定要記住了??！在數(shù)學(xué)上大量出現(xiàn)。 根號(hào)a和 三次方a讀作 square root of a和 cube root of a

5、微分和偏微分

升級(jí)到了高等數(shù)學(xué)，經(jīng)過(guò)高考的學(xué)生才會(huì)碰到這兩個(gè)。

這是什么鬼？這是一個(gè)變量對(duì) x微分或偏微分的運(yùn)算符，符號(hào)后面還要加上某一個(gè)變量。 首先，小伙伴知道中文怎么念嗎？

嘿嘿，d比d x？英文讀作dby d x，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)刈x作the derivative with respect to x， with respect to是關(guān)于的意思，就是關(guān)于x的微分。

偏 比偏x？英文讀作the partial derivative with respect to x或者簡(jiǎn)單地讀作partial over partialx，partial是部分的意思。

順便顯擺一下，微分是單變量時(shí)候叫法，如果是多變量就是偏微分嘍！看咱這數(shù)學(xué)是不是杠杠滴！

6、其他數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)

進(jìn)階篇

有點(diǎn)數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)了吧，來(lái)點(diǎn)實(shí)用的！進(jìn)階篇！

1、代數(shù)(1)

以上幾個(gè)是代數(shù)表達(dá)式，是符號(hào)之間的運(yùn)算。表達(dá)式不是等式，所以其英文翻譯也不是一個(gè)句子，類似一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)。

比如ab-c讀作a bminus c，介詞minus連接兩個(gè)名詞變量，結(jié)果還是一堆名詞變量。ab直接讀 a b就行。

因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言的本質(zhì)是傳遞信息，懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué)的人已經(jīng)明白了，沒(méi)有二義性。

如要更清晰地表達(dá)ab，是 atimes b，times是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 time的第三人稱單數(shù)。

a-(b-c)和a(b+c)里有一對(duì)括號(hào)，不用把括號(hào)讀出來(lái)，讀出來(lái)是趙本山，讀信件時(shí)讀逗號(hào)、括號(hào)、括號(hào)完了(liǎo)

a-(b-c)數(shù)學(xué)上的意思是a減去b與c的差，英文也是這個(gè)邏輯，讀作aminus the difference b minus c，沒(méi)有of，其中the difference是差的意思。

a(b+c)讀作atimes the sum b plus c，應(yīng)該很好理解了。

a-(-b-c)讀作aminus the quantity minus b minus c，使用quantity是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，避免plus和minus連在一起說(shuō)。

2、代數(shù)(2)

這幾個(gè)單獨(dú)拿來(lái)說(shuō)事，是因?yàn)樘匾耍?/p>

在國(guó)外課堂上，老師一邊寫公式一邊嘴里叨咕著，公式里分?jǐn)?shù)是很多，一般都念做over！因?yàn)榭?！比?/9直接念eight over nine

復(fù)雜點(diǎn)的第二個(gè)

中文讀c分之a(chǎn)加b加d，中文讀法有歧義，分不清加d是在分子上還是分?jǐn)?shù)后面。

英文讀作the quantity a plus b over c, that fraction plus d, 沒(méi)有歧義！perfect！

是拿來(lái)繞嘴的，讀作the fraction x squared over a squared plus the fraction y

squared over b squared equals 1，其中fraction是分?jǐn)?shù)的意思。

這個(gè)是拿來(lái)是給你找信心的，很簡(jiǎn)單吧：a xsquared plus b x y plus c y squared plus d x plus e y plus fequals zero完全讀對(duì)的童鞋獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己一根棒棒糖。

3、幾個(gè)特殊的

這幾個(gè)特殊的每一個(gè)都很珍貴！拿走不謝。

第一個(gè)

簡(jiǎn)單讀成 ato the x，例子非常多，比如 讀作 three to four，也可以讀的更完整點(diǎn)， three raised to the four power

是以b為底的a的對(duì)數(shù)，log to the base b of a，其中the base就是為底了，介詞嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乇磉_(dá)了準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)學(xué)定義。

，是以10為底的3乘4的積的對(duì)數(shù)，讀作log to the base 10 of the product 3 times 4

以此類推，

中注意 the fraction和 the ratio是一樣的，分?jǐn)?shù)就是比的意思嘛。

是 x的自然對(duì)數(shù)，讀作 the natural log of x。

自然對(duì)數(shù)底是多少？哼哼，百度啊，e=2.71828

注意：

中的“點(diǎn)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”就讀做 dot dot dot

p(x)數(shù)學(xué)上是表示一個(gè)以x為自變量的函數(shù)p，讀作p of x。為什么不讀成p x, 漢語(yǔ)就是這么讀的.應(yīng)該是避免和px搞混吧。

另外注意，

里也有個(gè) of

4、帶of的函數(shù)

單獨(dú)總結(jié)一下帶of 的函數(shù)，數(shù)學(xué)上是以x為自變量的函數(shù)p，其他的都不復(fù)雜。

5、專業(yè)課里常出的數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)

這些在工程學(xué)科的專業(yè)課里很容易見(jiàn)到，理論力學(xué)里用

表示正應(yīng)力，讀作 sigma sub x，注意 sub 表示下標(biāo)。

當(dāng)有大寫字母時(shí)，讀作 Capital q sub one。

有括號(hào)，讀作 Capital e of x，結(jié)合上面的 p(x)印象應(yīng)該很深吧。

這個(gè)比較怪，下標(biāo)帶括號(hào)，漢語(yǔ)一般讀成 j 下標(biāo)括號(hào)p，英文讀作 j sub p in parentheses，parentheses是括號(hào)的意思。

6、高等數(shù)學(xué)里面的幾個(gè)符號(hào)

這幾個(gè)表達(dá)式是求和、求積和求極限。

漢語(yǔ)讀 西格瑪1到大n，英文讀作 summation from one to capital n

英文里把希臘字母的意思說(shuō)出來(lái)了，求和( summation), 這里多了 正無(wú)窮，讀作 summation from i equals one to infinity of x sub i

是infinity就是正無(wú)窮。數(shù)學(xué)上是多個(gè)量求積的符號(hào)，英文 積是 product，是名詞。

結(jié)構(gòu)和求和一樣， product from one to n

同理，

讀成 product from i equals one to infinity of y sub i

的意思是 當(dāng)x趨近a時(shí)y的極限等于b， limit as x approaches a of y equals b，limit是極限，名詞，approaches 是趨緊的第三人稱單數(shù)。

的數(shù)學(xué)意思是 當(dāng)x從左邊趨緊a時(shí)關(guān)于x的函數(shù)f的極限，英文讀作 limit as x approaches a minus of fof x，從左邊就是從minus方向

數(shù)學(xué)意思是 函數(shù)fx的不定積分，英文讀作 integral of f of x d x，其中integral是積分的意思。

7、線性代數(shù)中的英文讀法

線性代數(shù)是大學(xué)生必學(xué)的科目，里面全是矩陣和向量，英文分別是matrix和vector，不明覺(jué)厲！

表里第一個(gè)是個(gè)矩陣，有四個(gè)元素，第一行是2 和 7, 第二行是3和10，用英文讀時(shí)也和中文表達(dá)類似。

Two by two matrix (意思是2x2 矩陣)，first row two seven, second row tree ten

注意此處沒(méi)有is 等動(dòng)詞。

第二個(gè)是行向量，讀作row vector

第三個(gè)是列向量，讀作column vector

8、其他常用的表達(dá)式

讀時(shí)漢語(yǔ)從不強(qiáng)調(diào) 大寫delta，英文要讀 capital delta y

其他的都在前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)，列在此處再此強(qiáng)調(diào)一下。

來(lái)源 |英文茶館