原標題：Sixth Tone精讀 | 河南女教師網課后猝死， “網課爆破”從何而來？

【導讀】

近期，黑客、網爆者入侵網課的悲劇將人們的視線再次聚焦到了公共網絡安全之中。10月28日，河南省新鄭市第三中學的一名歷史教師上完網課后在家中猝死。錄屏顯示，在她最后一節(jié)課上，有不明黑客侵入網課的線上會議室，惡意破壞網課紀律，通過語音辱罵、共享屏幕干擾課件投屏等多種方式干擾直播。

“Just before Liu Hanbo died, hackers repeatedly targeted her online class to hurl abuse, play loud music, and spam the chat window.”

【原文泛讀】

這一部分是無注釋全文，您可以選擇先泛讀再看下一部分的[逐段精讀]部分，也可以直接劃到下一部分邊讀原文邊看講解。

Cyberbullies, a Teacher’s Death,

and a Classroom Seeking Answers

SixthTone

By the time building staff gained access to Liu Hanbo’s apartment on Oct. 31, she showed no vital signs. Doctors found that Liu, a history teacher at Xinzheng No. 3 High School in the central Henan province, had suffered a heart attack which led to her “sudden death.”

The conclusion shocked her family. According to her husband Chen Ming, Liu had always been in good health, and in more than 20 years of teaching, no underlying heart diseases had ever been detected in physicals.

The day after her body was found, he came across videos her students had posted of her last online class. That’s when he learned that since mid-October, a group of users calling themselves baopo lieshou, which literally translates as “bombers and hunters,” had repeatedly gatecrashed her online classes on DingTalk — a conference call app used in online classrooms.

Over the course of several days, they barged into her online classes where they shared their screens and unmuted their mics to hurl abuse at Liu, played loud music, and spammed the chat window.

The hunters did it again on October 28 — the day doctors said she died.

On Nov. 2, Liu’s daughter alleged on Weibo, China’s microblogging platform, that her mother died of cyberbullying at the hands of those trolls. The post went viral, was shared over 200,000 times, and sparked an outcry online.

The same day, Xinzheng City’s education bureau announced that authorities had ruled out foul play in her death but that they were looking into reports that she had been cyberbullied.

Over the last two years across China, Liu Hanbo’s case isn’t an isolated one. And the surge in online classes in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic has further burdened teachers, particularly those who struggle with software.

Colleges have fallen victim, too. On Sept. 5, trolls disrupted online classes at Shenyang Urban Construction University in the northeastern Liaoning province. They unmuted themselves and then wrote out “I love you, teacher” while blasting music.

Fu Jian, the head of the Zejin law firm in Henan, believes that the case may constitute the crime of “picking quarrels and provoking troubles,” or potentially the crime of serious public insult.

According to the latest updates, Liu’s daughter posted that the Zhengzhou authorities and the education bureau were “highly concerned” about the matter. On the morning of Nov. 3, DingTalk had also said that relevant personnel were looking into the incident and that they plan to cooperate with police investigations.

【逐段精讀】

Cyberbullies, a Teacher’s Death,

and a Classroom Seeking Answers

SixthTone

By the time building staff gained access to Liu Hanbo’s apartment on Oct. 31, she showed no vital signs. Doctors found that Liu, a history teacher at Xinzheng No. 3 High School in the central Henan province, had suffered a heart attack which led to her “sudden death.”

The conclusion shocked her family. According to her husband Chen Ming, Liu had always been in good health, and in more than 20 years of teaching, no underlying heart diseases had ever been detected in physicals.

vital sign

? vital除了表示“~ (for/to sth)necessary or essential in order for sth to succeed or exist，必不可少的”，還可以表示“生命的；生氣勃勃的”。

? vital sign是固定搭配，表示“生命體征（如呼吸、體溫、心搏等）”。

physical

我們對physical作adj.時，表“身體的；物質的”這一用法十分熟悉。這里需要注意的是，physical也可以直接作n.，表示“體檢”。

The day after her body was found, he came across videos her students had posted of her last online class. That’s when he learned that since mid-October, a group of users calling themselves baopo lieshou（爆破獵手）, which literally translates as “bombers and hunters,”had repeatedly gatecrashedher online classes on DingTalk（釘釘）— a conference call app used in online classrooms.

Over the course of several days, they barged intoher online classes where they shared their screensand unmuted their micsto hurl abuse atLiu, played loud music, and spammed the chat window.

The hunters did it again on October 28 — the day doctors said she died.

gatecrush

這個詞十分形象，由“gate”＋“crush”組成，讓人有一種“破門而入”的感覺。它的意思也正是“未獲邀請而參加（或出席）；做（聚會等的）不速之客”。

? Panic set in as gatecrasherstried to force their way through the narrow doors and corridors.

當不速之客們奮力擠向狹窄的門和走廊時，人們開始恐慌。

barge

CET6 | IELTS

v. to move in an awkward way, pushing people out of the way or crashing into them 沖撞；亂闖

? Students tried to barge intothe secretariat buildings.

學生們試圖闖進秘書處大樓。

hurl

CET6 | 考研 | GRE

vt. ~ abuse, accusations, insults, etc. (at sb) to shout insults, etc. at sb 大聲說出（辱罵或斥責等）

? Rival fans hurled abuse ateach other. 兩幫對立的球迷相互高聲辱罵。

spam the chat window

? spam的英文釋義為“In computing, to spam people or organizations means to send unwanted e-mail to a large number of them, usually as advertising. ”也就是我們常說的“群發(fā)垃圾郵件”。

? the chat window指“聊天窗口”。

On Nov. 2, Liu’s daughter alleged on Weibo, China’s microblogging platform, that her mother died of cyberbullying（網絡欺凌) at the hands of those trolls. The post went viral, was shared over 200,000 times, and sparked an outcry online.

The same day, Xinzheng City’s education bureauannounced that authorities had ruled out foul playinher death but that they were looking into reports that she had been cyberbullied.

allege

CET6 | 考研 | GRE

? allege作動詞，英文釋義為“( formal ) to state sth as a fact but without giving proof ，”即“（未提出證據）斷言，指稱，聲稱”。

? 使用時需要注意，“be alleged to do”的句型僅用于被動語態(tài)。

? He is alleged to have mistreated the prisoners. 他被指控虐待犯人。

microblogging platform

根據維基百科的釋義，“ Microbloggingis a broadcast medium in the form of blogging. A microblog differs from a traditional blogin that its content is typically smallerin both actual and aggregate file size.”在這里可以注意一下如何向別人介紹微博。

troll

? Troll是一種網絡俚語，常見于任意英文網絡論壇和其余英文文化圈中。Troll的原始含義是山怪以及一種名為撒網的釣魚技術，最初作為網絡用語是描述在公共論壇等討論區(qū)故意用激烈的言辭引起別人進行沒有意義的爭論的行為，即“a message to a discussion group on the Internet that sb deliberately sends to make other people angry; a person who sends a message like this ”，后來釋義延伸為幾乎所有做出令人厭惡舉止的行為，不論主動還是被動的。這個詞語若要翻譯成中文，會根據具體情況而指代中文網絡文化圈的 “釣魚”、“引戰(zhàn)”、“洗版”、“刷屏”、“菜鳥”。

rule out

釋義為“To eliminate, prevent, preclude, or cancel someone or something as a possibility，排除...的可能性”。

foul play

foul play這個短語的意思是“不正當的行為；非法的暴力行徑”。

? She discovered that thieves had broken in, and other neighbors had reported similar incidences of foul-play.

她發(fā)現小偷破門而入，其他鄰居也有類似遭遇。

? There’s another dead body, another suggestion of foul play, another growing heap of circumstantial evidence that point to a culprit who knew the corpse intimately.

——David Fear, Rolling Stone, 13 Oct. 2022

Colleges have fallen victim, too. On Sept. 5, trolls disrupted online classes at Shenyang Urban Construction University in the northeastern Liaoning province. They unmuted themselves and then wrote out “I love you, teacher” while blasting music.

blast

CET6 | 考研 | GRE

v.~ (sth) (out) to make a loud unpleasant noise, especially music 發(fā)出刺耳的高音，轟鳴（尤指音樂）

? Music suddenly blasted outfrom the speakers. 喇叭中突然響起了轟鳴的音樂。

Fu Jian, the head of the Zejin law firm in Henan, believes that the case may constitutethe crime of “picking quarrels and provoking troubles（尋釁滋事）,”or potentially the crime of serious public insult.

According to the latest updates, Liu’s daughter posted that the Zhengzhou authorities and the education bureau were “highly concerned” about the matter. On the morning of Nov. 3, DingTalk had also said that relevant personnel were looking into the incidentand that they plan to cooperate withpolice investigations.

詞語辨析之“組成；構成”：

compose, consist of, comprise, constitute

1.compose

①在表示 “由……材料構成”時，見于 被動語態(tài)；

? Concrete is composed ofcement, sand and gravel mixed with water. 混凝土由水泥、砂、石子與水摻和而構成。

②在用于 主動語態(tài)時，一般它所表示的“構成”或“組成”總包含著融合為一，而且主語或者是復數名詞或者是集體名詞。? England, Scotland and Wales composethe island of Great Britain. 英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士構成大不列顛島。

2.consist of = be composed of

需要注意的是，consist of 不能用于被動結構。

? The committee consists often members.

委員會由十人組成。

3.comprise在表示“構成”時，其內涵是 “包括”或“覆蓋”。

? These houses do not compriseall his property.

這些房產并沒有構成他的全部財產。

4.constitute的主語可以是復數名詞也可以是單數名詞，所“構成”的事物在 屬性和特征上，亦或在組織上，與組成成分是 一致的。

? Seven days constitutesa week. 七天構成一個星期。

【重點回顧】

1.“生命體征”、“體檢"怎么說？

2.這些“爆破獵手”做了什么？

①gatecrashed her online classes

②barged into her online classes

③hurl abuse at sb.

④spammed the chat window

⑤blast music

3.怎么描述微博？

4.“網絡霸凌”、“引戰(zhàn)”等用英語如何表達？

5.rule out foul play是什么意思？

6.如何區(qū)分“compose, consist of, comprise, constitute”？

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