暑期單詞預(yù)習(xí),開(kāi)卷絕對(duì)有益!英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit 2單詞解讀(二)
Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
Section B
1.junk un.無(wú)用的東西;無(wú)價(jià)值的東西
He threw away all the junkin the
kitchen.
他把廚房所有廢舊雜物都扔掉了。
◆ junk food n.垃圾食品
too much junk food太多的垃圾食品
We shouldnt eat junk food。
我們不應(yīng)該吃垃圾食品。
2.coffee [k?fi] n.咖啡
① coffee un.
Would you like a cup of coffee?
你想喝杯咖啡嗎?
◆black coffee (不加牛奶的)清咖啡
②coffee cn. 一杯咖啡
pl. coffees
Well have two teas and one coffee.
我們要兩杯茶,一杯咖啡。
3.health [helθ] n.健康;人的身體
或神狀態(tài)
health→healthy→healthily
①health un.
Junk food is bad for our health.
垃圾食品對(duì)我們的健康有害。
Health is more important than
wealth.
健康比財(cái)富更重要。
◆ in good health 身體健康
He is in good health. 他身體健康。
◆in bad/poor health 身體不健康
keep in good health
=keep healthy 保持身體健康
②healthy adj.健康的
同義詞:fit adj. 健康的
比較級(jí),最高級(jí):healthier healthiest
可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)。
◆作定語(yǔ)
a healthy baby 健康的嬰孩
healthy food 健康的食物
healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
have a healthy eating habit
有健康的飲食習(xí)慣
eat a healthy breakfast
吃健康的早餐
◆作表語(yǔ)
be healthy 是健康的
keep/stay healthy
=keep fit 保持身體健康
It is very important for us to
keep healthy.
保持身體健康對(duì)我們很重要。
◆作賓補(bǔ)
keep sb. healthy
讓某人保持身體健康
keep us healthy
讓我們保持身體健康
Do you know the ways to keep
us healthy?
你知道讓我們保持身體健康的方
法嗎?
③ healthily adv. 健康地
修飾行為動(dòng)詞,作狀語(yǔ)。
比較級(jí)、最高級(jí):more/most
healthily
◆ live healthily生活得健康
【注意】下面兩個(gè)短語(yǔ):
◆eat healthily 健康飲食
動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),可作謂語(yǔ)。
We should eat healthily.
我們應(yīng)該健康飲食。
◆healthy eating 健康的飲食
名詞短語(yǔ),可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。
Healthy eating is very important
for us in our daily life.
健康飲食在我們的日常生活中非常
重要。
4.result [r?z?lt] .結(jié)果;后果
result cn. pl. results
◆the result of ……的結(jié)果
The teacher told us the result of
the survey.
老師告訴了我們調(diào)查結(jié)果。
◆ as a result 結(jié)果
只能用a。
He had some bad meat. As a
result, he felt sick.
他吃了些壞肉,結(jié)果感到不舒服。
◆as a/the result of
=because of 由于……的結(jié)果
后接n./pron./doing,此用法用a
或the 均可。
He was late as a/the result of
the heavy rain.
=He was late because of the
heavy rain.
由于下大雨,他遲到了。
5.percent [p?sent] n.(=per cent)
百分之...
◆percent是可數(shù)名詞,但通常用單
數(shù)形式。與數(shù)詞連用時(shí),數(shù)詞應(yīng)置
于percent之前。
◆基數(shù)詞+percent of...作主語(yǔ)時(shí), of
后接不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
形式; of后接可數(shù)名 詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞
賓格復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Forty percent of them/us/you are
from China.
他們/我們/你們中百分之四十來(lái)自
中國(guó)。
Fifty percent of the students use
the Internet every day.
百分之五十的學(xué)生每天都上網(wǎng)。
Sixty percent of the tea is produced
in the south.
60%的茶葉產(chǎn)自南方。
◆同義句,注意疑問(wèn)詞。
What percent of the students use
the Internet every day?
=How many percent of the students
use the Internet every day?
百分之幾的學(xué)生每天使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)?
6.online [??nla?n] adj.&adv.在線(的);
聯(lián)網(wǎng)(的)
① online adj. 在線的;聯(lián)網(wǎng)的
online shopping 網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物
online chatting 網(wǎng)上聊天
online education 在線教育;網(wǎng)上
教育;
play online games玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲
He is online the whole day.
他整天掛在網(wǎng)上。
②online adv. 在線;聯(lián)網(wǎng)
He likes reading online.
他喜歡網(wǎng)上閱讀。
He likes going/getting online.
他喜歡上網(wǎng)。
He likes shopping online(adv.).
=He likes online(adj.)shopping.
他喜歡網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物。
7.television [tel?v??n] n.電視節(jié)目;
電視機(jī)
TV is short for television.
TV是television的縮寫(xiě)形式。
◆watch TV=watch television 看電視
8.although [??le??] conj.雖然;
盡管;即使
although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
該從句不能像中文“雖然…但是…”
一樣,組成 although…but…。
即although從句不能與并列連詞but
連用,although和but只能用其中
一個(gè)。
◆同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
Although he is busy, he tries to
help us.
=He is busy, but he tries to help us.
他盡管他很忙,他還是盡力幫助
我們。
【辨析】although/though
①用作連詞,表示“雖然;盡管;
即使”,二者可互換,但although
比though更為正式。
Though/Although he lives alone,
he is happy.
=He lives alone, but he is happy.
=He is happy though/although he
lives alone.
雖然他一個(gè)人住,但他很快樂(lè)。
②though可作副詞, 意為“可是,
不過(guò)”。
置于句末(不放在句首),其前常
有逗號(hào);而although一般不用作副
詞。
Its hard work,I enjoy it, though.
這是苦差事,可我喜歡。
③在even though(即使,縱然)固定
短語(yǔ)中, 不能用although代替
though。
Even though it was snowing,he
went to buy bread
盡管在下雪,他還是去買(mǎi)面包了。
9.through [θru?] prep.以;憑借;穿過(guò)
①through prep.以;憑借
◆through+n./pron./doing
The best way to relax is through
exercise.
最好的放松方式是通過(guò)鍛煉。
We get a lot of information
through the Internet.
我們通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)得到很多信息。
◆through doing=by doing
He learned to cook through/by
watching his father in the ketchen.
他通過(guò)在廚房觀察父親做飯來(lái)學(xué)
習(xí)烹飪。
②through prep.穿過(guò)
【辨析】across 、through、past
①across prep.過(guò);穿過(guò);橫過(guò)
指從物體表面的一邊“橫過(guò)”到另
一邊;含義與on有關(guān)。
across the road/street/bridge/
river/square
穿過(guò)馬路/大街/橋/河/廣場(chǎng)
② through prep.穿過(guò);從…中穿過(guò)
指從空間的一頭縱穿到另一頭;含
義與in有關(guān)。
through the forest/woods/window
/gate/doorhpark/crowd/village
穿過(guò)森林/樹(shù)林/窗戶/大門(mén)口/門(mén)口/公
園/人群/村莊
They walked through the park
together. 他們一起步行穿過(guò)公園。
③past prep.& adv.經(jīng)過(guò);路過(guò)
指從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)或路過(guò)。
go past the bank
=pass the bank 路過(guò)銀行
He walked past quickly and didnt
say hello to us.
他快速走過(guò)去,沒(méi)有向我們打招呼。
10.mind [ma?nd] .頭腦;心智
◆change ones mind 改變想法
◆in ones mind 在某人心里,在某人
腦海里
You are the best in my mind.
在我心目中你是最棒的。
◆keep …in mind 牢記;記住
Please keep them in mind.
請(qǐng)把它們牢牢記住。
【拓展】mind v. 介意
① Never mind . 不介意。
用來(lái)回答sorry。
②mind doing
Would you mind closing the door?
你介意把門(mén)關(guān)上嗎?
11.body [b?di] n.身體
body cn. pl. bodies
①表示與精神(mind)相對(duì)的“身體"。
His body is old, but his mind
is young.
他身體雖然老了,但心還很年輕。
◆body and mind
或mind and body 身心
Exercise is good for our mind and
our body.
鍛煉對(duì)我們的頭腦和身體都有好處。
②側(cè)重指軀體、軀干等的“身體"。
keep our body warm 保持身體暖和
Everyone wants to have a healthy
body。
每個(gè)人都想擁有健康的身體。
12.such [s?t?] adj.& pron.這樣的;
那樣的;類似的
such as例如;像…這樣
表示舉例,后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。
即:such as+n./pron./doing
注意:
◆ 名詞+such as+例子
I like fruit, such as apples, oranges
and grapes.
我喜歡水果,如蘋(píng)果、桔子和葡萄。
◆也可為“such+名詞+as+例子”。
I like such fruit as apples, oranges
and grapes.
我喜歡蘋(píng)果、桔子和葡萄等水果。
◆若such as后接動(dòng)詞,通常用動(dòng)名
詞。
I like sports, such as running and
playing volleyball.
我喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng),比如跑步和打排球。
◆不可按漢語(yǔ)意思將such as 用作such
like。
He is not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像他看起來(lái)那么傻。
◆such as 是不完全列舉,其后不可
列出前面所提過(guò)的所有東西。
正:I know four languages, such as
French and English.
我懂四種語(yǔ)言,如法語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)。
誤:I know four languages, such as
Chinese, French, Japanese and
English.
【辨析】so…that與such…that
如此…以至于…
that后都接從句,so…that與such…
that的區(qū)別,其實(shí)就是so與such的區(qū)
別。
so 和such詞性不同。such是形容詞,
修飾名詞;so是副詞,修飾形容詞或
副詞。
①so…that
◆so+adj./adv. + that + 從句
This book is so interesting that
I have read three times.
這本書(shū)如此有趣以至于我讀了三遍。
He spoke so quickly that I couldnt
understand him.
他說(shuō)得如此快以至于我不明白他。
◆so+many/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that
so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that
There are so many people in the
park that its hard for me to find
him 。
公園里有那么多人,我很難找到他.
He had so little money that he
spent his days at home.
他沒(méi)什么錢(qián),以至于整天呆在家里。
◆so+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+that+從句
She is so lovely a girl that everyone
loves her.
她是如此可愛(ài)的一個(gè)女孩,以至于大
家都喜歡她。
② such…that…如此…以至于…
◆such+adj.+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that+從句
◆such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+that+從句
◆such+a/an+adj.+單數(shù)名詞+that+從
句
They are such kind people that we
all like them.
他們是那么善良的人以至于我們都
喜歡他們。
It is such fine weather that we
all want to go hiking.
天氣這么好,我們都想去遠(yuǎn)足。
She is such a lovely girl that
everyone loves her.
她是如此可愛(ài)的一個(gè)女孩,以至每
個(gè)人都喜歡她。
【注意】
①such能直接修飾名詞。
◆such+a/an+單數(shù)名詞
◆such+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
◆such+不可數(shù)名詞
such a thing這樣的事
such a man這樣一個(gè)人
such things 諸如此類的事情
such tea 那樣的茶
How can you make such tea?
你怎么能制成那樣的茶?
②上述用法中,
so+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞
=such+a/an+adj.+單數(shù)名詞
注意冠詞位置。
She is so good a girl.
=She is such a good girl.
她是那么好的女孩。
That is so old a house.
= That is such an old house.
那是一棟如此古老的房子。
13.together [t?ɡee?(r)] adv.在一起;
共同
◆修飾行為動(dòng)詞及其短語(yǔ),置于其后。
act together共同行動(dòng)
live together一起生活
play together一起玩耍
spend time together共度時(shí)光
work together一起工作
go home together 一起回家
get together 聚在一起;相聚
Lets go home together.
咱們一起回家吧。
Every weekend they get together
to have a big meal.
每周末他們聚在一起吃一頓大餐。
◆A together with B 與…一樣
如果此短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在主語(yǔ)后面,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)
詞的人稱和 數(shù)只能和A保持一致,與
B無(wú)關(guān)。
Tom,together with his mother is
cooking in the kitchen.
湯姆和他媽媽正在廚房做飯。
14.die [da?] v.消失;滅亡 ;死亡
◆ Old habits die hard.舊習(xí)難改。
此句為英語(yǔ)中的一句諺語(yǔ)。
◆ die是短暫性動(dòng)詞,不能和時(shí)間段
連用。常用于過(guò) 去時(shí)中,過(guò)去式為
died。
Plants and people will die without
water.
沒(méi)有水,植物和人都會(huì)死。
His grandfather died in 1990.
他的祖父1990年去世。
【拓展】die v.→ dead adj.→death
n.→dying adj.
①dead adj. 死的
作表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)。
be dead 能與時(shí)間段連用。
He has been dead for ten years.
他死了10年了。
She looked at her dead dog sadly.
傷心地看著她死去的貓狗。
② dying adj. 將死的
This is a dying dog.
這是一只垂死的狗。
The doctors have saved the dying
man.
醫(yī)生們救活了那個(gè)垂死的人。
③death n.死亡
The accident has caused a lot of
deaths.
那次事故造成很多人死亡。
He gave up studying after his
fathers death.
◆the death of… 的死
He wont forget the death of his
dog. 他不會(huì)忘記他的狗死了。
15.writer [ra?t?(r)] n.作者;作家
①英語(yǔ)中,很多“動(dòng)詞+er”,變成名
詞,即執(zhí)行這個(gè)動(dòng)作的人,如:
teach(v.教)→teacher(n.教師)
work (v.工作)→worker(n.工人)
cleaner清潔工; famer農(nóng)民;
singer 歌手;reader 讀者;
listener 聽(tīng)者;speaker 演講者,說(shuō)話的人;
climber 攀登者; painter 畫(huà)家;
killer殺手; murderer謀殺犯;
thinker 思想家
②以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,只加r,變成執(zhí)行這
個(gè)動(dòng)作的人,如:
write (v.寫(xiě))→writer (n.作者,作家,寫(xiě)
字的人)
driver 司機(jī) ;dancer 舞者;organizer
組織者 ;maker生產(chǎn)者,制訂者
③ 雙寫(xiě)詞尾輔音字母,再加er,變成執(zhí)
行這個(gè)動(dòng)作的人,如:
winner 獲勝者; runner 跑步者
④但是有些動(dòng)詞+er,變成的名詞是表
示某事物。
◆ cooker n.“ 廚具”;“廚師”是
cook。
◆drawer n. “抽屜”;“畫(huà)家”是
painter,artist。
◆laughter n.“笑,笑聲”;不是
“發(fā)出笑聲的人”。
◆bread maker“ 面包機(jī)”,不是
“烤面包的人”。
◆CD player CD “播放機(jī)”,
player有兩個(gè)中文意思:隊(duì)員;播
放機(jī)。
16.dentist [dent?st] n.牙科醫(yī)生
cn. pl. dentists
see a dentist 看牙醫(yī)
go to the dentist 去看牙醫(yī)
17.magazine [m?ɡ?zi?n] n.雜志;
期刊
cn. pl. magazines
在書(shū)/雜志上,指書(shū)上的內(nèi)容時(shí),
用in。
in the magazine在雜志上
in the notebook 在筆記本上
in the textbook 在教材中
in the book 在書(shū)中
18.however [ha?ev?(r)] adv.然而;
不過(guò)
【辨析】however和 but “可是,
但是”
意思相同,用法不同。
however比but用的場(chǎng)合更正式, 因
此however 用于書(shū)面語(yǔ),而but 常用
于口語(yǔ)。
①however 是副詞,不是連詞,不能
直接連接兩 個(gè)分句,必須另起新句,
并用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。位置靈活:句首、句
中、句尾。
He is poor now.However,when he
was young he is rich in this town.
他是一個(gè)窮人。 然而,他在年輕的時(shí)
候在這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)很富有。
Money, however, is not everything.
然而,金錢(qián)并不是一切。
There is a big problem, however.
然而,有一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。
②but是并列連詞,連接兩個(gè)互相對(duì)
比的并列分句,一般后面不用逗號(hào)
He likes coffee, but I really dont
like it.
他喜歡咖啡,但是我實(shí)在是不喜歡。
③另外, however還有“無(wú)論怎樣,不
管如何”之意。but有“除了”之意。
However hard I worked, she was
never unhappy.
無(wú)論我多么努力地工作,她從來(lái)沒(méi)
滿意過(guò)。
There is nothing but a card in the
box.
盒子里除了一張卡片什么也沒(méi)有。
19.than [e?n] conj.(用以引出比較的
第二部分) 比
◆用于比較級(jí)句型。
You are taller than him. 你比他高。
◆用于短語(yǔ)。
more than多于
less than 少于
more than/less than+ 基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名
詞
more than/less than six days
20.almost [??lm??st] adv.幾乎;差
不多
①almost是常用的程度副詞,可修飾動(dòng)
詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)
詞或介詞等。
②almost常置于被修飾詞之前。修飾
動(dòng)詞時(shí)一般 置于主要?jiǎng)釉~之前,但要
放在系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之
后。almost不能置于句末。
He waited for you for almost two
hours. 他等了你差不多兩個(gè)小時(shí)。
I almost believe him.
我差點(diǎn)兒相信了他發(fā)。
He is almost eighty.
他將近80歲了。
③almost可與no, none, nobody,
nothing, never等否定詞連用.
◆almost no one
Almost no one believed him.
幾乎沒(méi)人相信他的話。
④almost 常與every,any連用。
almost every day
almost everyone
almost every one
almost everything
almost anyone
Almost every family has a computer.
幾乎每個(gè)家庭都有一臺(tái)電腦。
21.none [n?n] pron.沒(méi)有一個(gè);毫無(wú)
【辨析】none和 no one
①none既指人也指物,反義詞是all;
而no one 只可指人。
②none 指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù)
作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可
用復(fù)數(shù),多用單數(shù)。none指代不可數(shù)
名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只可用 單數(shù)。
而no one作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單
數(shù)形式。
③none與of連用
后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞或代詞賓
格復(fù)數(shù). 而no one不能與of連用。
none of+us/you/them
none of+限制詞+un.
none of+限制詞+cn.
None of us is/are late.
None of the students has/have a
computer.
None of the money is mine.
④none用來(lái)回答how many +n., how
much +n. 以及含any+n. 的疑問(wèn)句;
而no one可回答who及含anyone,
anybody的疑問(wèn)句。
A: How many books are there on the
desk?
B: None.
桌子上有幾本書(shū)?一本也沒(méi)有。
A:Who is in that room?
B:No one. 誰(shuí)在房間里?沒(méi)有人。
【拓展】nobody
① nobody不定代詞,“沒(méi)有人”
nobody=no one
◆no one 更正式,nobody 口語(yǔ)中
◆兩者均只能指人,不指物。
◆其后不接of短語(yǔ)。
◆作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
◆用來(lái)回答who,及含anyone,anybody
的疑問(wèn)句。
No one/Nobody likes him。
沒(méi)人喜歡他。
I knew nobody at the party.
在聚會(huì)上,我一個(gè)人都不認(rèn)識(shí)。
No one/Nobody knows.
誰(shuí)也不知道。
—Who is in the classroom?
—No one/Nobody.
—Is there anyone in the room?
—No one/Nobody.
◆ nobody=not…anybody
I know nobody here.
=I dont know anybody here.
我在這兒誰(shuí)也不認(rèn)識(shí)。
② nobody cn.小人物 pl. nobodies
They arent afraid of a nobody like
you.
他們不害怕想你這樣的小人物。
Only a few nobodies went to the
meeting.
只有幾個(gè)無(wú)名小卒參加了會(huì)議。
22.less [les] adj.較少;較小
little的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí):less least
◆less +un.
He has less free time than me.
◆less than少于
less than+ 基數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞
less than two hours
23.point [p??nt] n.得分;點(diǎn) v. 指;
指向
①point n.得分 cn. pl. points
◆ get 90 points 得90分
②point [p??nt] n.點(diǎn)
◆指小數(shù)點(diǎn),用單數(shù)形式。
4.23 讀作 four point two three
23.4 讀作 twenty-three point four
◆指要點(diǎn)
language points 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
important points 重點(diǎn)
difficult points 難點(diǎn)
③ point v. 指;指向
◆point at 指著
指向離說(shuō)話人較近的事物,at是介詞,
著重于指的對(duì)象.
Dont point at others with your
finger while talking .
說(shuō)話時(shí)不要用手指著別人。
◆point to 指向
多指向離說(shuō)話人較遠(yuǎn)的事物,to是介詞,
著重于指的方向.
He pointed to the trees on the hill
and said,“They were planted two
years ago.”
他指著山上的樹(shù)說(shuō):“兩年前種的?!?/p>
注意:一般情況下point at和point
to可互換。
The teacher is pointing at/to the
map on the wall.
老師正指著墻上的地圖。
但事物名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),用point to要常
見(jiàn)些.
Both the hour hand and the
minute hand point to twelve.It
was noon.
時(shí)針和分針都指向十二點(diǎn),那是
中午。
◆point out 指出
The teacher pointed out many
mistakes in my homework.
老師指出我作業(yè)里的許多錯(cuò)誤。
Claire 克萊爾
Sue 蘇
American Teenager 《美國(guó)青少年》
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