專升本英語零基礎(chǔ)備考——特殊句式
主謂一致
主謂一致指主語和謂語之間在“人稱”和“數(shù)”的方面保持一致
主謂一致在不同的情況下,原則各不相同,通常有三種形式:語法一致、意義一致、就近一致
語法一致
主語是單數(shù),謂語也采取單數(shù)形式,主語是復(fù)數(shù),謂語也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式
This desk is a genuine antique.
這個(gè)桌子是一個(gè)名副其實(shí)的古董。
Both parties have their own advantages.
雙方都有各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

不定式、動(dòng)名詞以及從句作主語時(shí)應(yīng)該看作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
Reading books is a very good way to study.
讀書是學(xué)習(xí)的好方法。
To do this kind of things requires courage.
做這種事情需要勇氣。
What you have done has been seen.
你所做的已經(jīng)被看到了。
不定代詞one、every、each、everybody、everyone、one of、no one、nothing、nobody、somebody、either、neither、many a 等作主語或修飾主語時(shí)看作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
Neither of them is guilty.
他們兩人都無罪。
Every boy and girl shows great interest in English.
每個(gè)男孩和女孩對(duì)英語表現(xiàn)出很大的興趣。
表示國家、機(jī)構(gòu)、事件、作品等專有名詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
Gone with the Wind is a good book known to lovers of English.
《飄》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。
China plays an important role in the international affairs.
中國在國際事務(wù)中起著重要作用。
由some、several、both、few、many、a number of等修飾主語,看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Both of us are basketball players.
我們兩個(gè)都是籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
Some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun.
有些人打排球,有些人躺著曬太陽。
考點(diǎn)鏈接
One-third of areacovered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees been planted.
A. are; have
B. is; has
C. is; have
D. are; has
答案及解析:
C 考查主謂一致,“地區(qū)”作主語,不管前面的修飾定語是什么,均為單數(shù);后半句主語是“trees”,復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

There be句型
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中是一種特殊的句式
表示“在什么地方或時(shí)間存在(發(fā)生)什么事”
常用“there be+名詞+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語”的結(jié)構(gòu)
Be應(yīng)與它后面的主語保持一致,如果出現(xiàn)并列主語,遵循“就近原則”
There is a pen and some pencils in the pencil-box.
在文具盒里面有一支鋼筆和一些鉛筆。
結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定結(jié)構(gòu)
there be 句型的肯定結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某處存在某物或某人”
There are some ducks on the lake.
瓶子里面有一些果汁。
否定結(jié)構(gòu)
there be 句型的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是在謂語動(dòng)詞be的后面加not或no。
There are no books on the desk.
桌子上沒有書。
疑問結(jié)構(gòu)
there和be倒裝。
Are there any people in the room?
房間里面有人嗎?
時(shí)態(tài)
一般過去時(shí):there was/were
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):there is/are
一般將來時(shí):there will be
There will be (=There is going to be ) a show on Wednesday.
過去將來時(shí):there would be
There would be a magic show at the theatre on Sunday。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):there has/have been
There have been lots of accidents round here.
這里已經(jīng)發(fā)生多起事故了。
拓展用法
There is no use +動(dòng)名詞意為“…無用”
There is no use waiting any longer.
再等下午是沒有用的。
There is nothing more…than 意為“再…不過了”
There is nothing more than dangerous than an illusion of security.
太平無事的幻覺是再危險(xiǎn)不過的了。
There is a possibility of (或that)意為“…是有可能的”
There is a possibility that I may be able to go to Australia.
我去澳大利亞是有可能的。
考點(diǎn)鏈接
Therean English Evening next Tuesday. A.was
B.will be
C.will have
D.a(chǎn)re going to be
答案及解析:
B 本題考查there be固定句型,根據(jù)next Tuesday 知道本題用一般將來時(shí),there be 的將來時(shí)是there will be。

倒裝句
部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放至主語之前。如果句子的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添助動(dòng)詞do、does或did,并將其置于主語之前。
Never have I watched such a moving film.
我從未看過如此感人的一部電影。
Hardly had I gone out of the school when I met my father.
我剛走出學(xué)校,就遇見了我爸爸。
Only in this way can the experiment succeed.
(狀語從句置于句首,句子用部分倒裝)
唯有這樣做,實(shí)驗(yàn)才能成功。
完全倒裝
完全倒裝是指將句子的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前,一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。
Here is your pen.
你的筆。
Then came the bus.
公交車來了。
祈使句倒裝
Long live the People’s Republic of China
中華人民共和國萬歲
May you succeed!
祝你成功。
考點(diǎn)鏈接
Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.
A. didn’t realize
B. did I realize
C. I didn’t realize
D. I realized.
答案及解析:
B 本題考查倒裝句,not until +倒裝部分+did +主句部分。

強(qiáng)調(diào)句
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
it +be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)股份+that+句子其他部分
如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞,則用助動(dòng)詞do/does/did
在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,無論被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人是物,單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。Be動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)is/was形式
It was Teacher Li that(who) sent me the letter.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)
給我寄信的正是李老師。
It is the book they talked about the day yesterday.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)
這就是他們昨天討論的那本書。
It was on Monday morning that all this happened.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)
所有這一切都是發(fā)生在星期一早上。
It is only when one is ill that one realizes the importance of exercise.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)
人們只有在生病時(shí)才意識(shí)到鍛煉的重要性。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特征就是如果把“it…be…that…”從句中劃去,所剩也剛好是一個(gè)完整的句子
陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It’s Tony who left the keys.
是托尼昨天丟失了鑰匙。
一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
Is/was it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他
Was it Tom that finished the job。
完成工作的是吉姆嗎?
特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞)+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分
When was it that you were born?
你是什么時(shí)候出生的?
Not…until…句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)
It is/was not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分
It was not until his mother came home that he went to bed.
直到他媽媽回來,他才去睡覺。
考點(diǎn)鏈接
Was it on a lonely island he was saved several years after the boat went down?
A. where B .that C. which D. what
答案及解析:
B 本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句,一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為:was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(on a lonely island)+that+其他,和題目對(duì)比之后,缺少that。
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