原創(chuàng) 主謂一致：就遠原則、不定式、動名詞、表時間、金錢、數(shù)額、集體名詞等名詞
原標題：主謂一致：就遠原則、不定式、動名詞、表時間、金錢、數(shù)額、集體名詞等名詞
Seven Advanced Rules of Subject-Verb Agreement:
主謂一致的七條高級語法規(guī)則：
Rule 1:
◆ MORE THAN ONE… and MANY A… take a singular verb even though they express a plural meaning.
◆ 如果主語是由MORE THAN ONE + 單數(shù)名詞（不止一個） 或者MANY A + 單數(shù)名詞（許多）構(gòu)成，盡管表達的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。
★ Many a man has been destroyed by drink.
★ 好多人都毀在了飲酒上。
★ Many a mother tries to act out her unrealized dreams through her daughter.
★ 有許多母親都寄希女兒實現(xiàn)自己未竟的夢想。
★ More than one worker has been dismissed.
★ 被解雇的工人不止一個。
Rule 2: 就遠原則
◆ Certain word groups such as WITH, TOGETHER WITH, ALONG WITH, BESIDES, IN ADDITION TO, AS WELL AS, INCLUDING, ACCOMPANIED BY, RATHER THAN when they appear along with the noun subject, they do not affect the number of the noun.
◆ 某些詞組，如WITH, TOGETHER WITH, ALONG WITH, BESIDES, IN ADDITION TO, AS WELL AS, INCLUDING, ACCOMPANIED BY, RATHER THAN, 當(dāng)主語后面出現(xiàn)這些詞組時，動詞與名詞主語保持一致，不受這些詞的影響。
★ She with her friends goes shopping.
★ 她和她的朋友們逛街去了。
★ The mayor, with his assistant, is present in the room.
★ 市長和他的助手都在房間里。
★ Andy, together with all the members of his family, is going for Europe this afternoon.
★ 安迪和家里的所有成員將于今天下午啟程去歐洲。
★ My brother along with my sister-in-law has come.
★ 我哥哥和我嫂子一起來了。
★ Interest, as well as prospects, is important when one looks for a job.
★ 我們找工作時，興趣和前途都很重要。
★ Silver as well as gold has demand in the market.
★ 白銀和黃金均在市場上有需求。
★ Excitement, as well as nervousness, is the cause of her shaking.
★ 興奮和緊張，是她發(fā)抖的原因。
Rule 3: 不定式和動名詞作主語時的主謂一致
◆ When infinitives or gerunds are used as the subject of a sentence, they take the singular form of the verb; but, when they are linked by AND, they take the plural form.
◆ 不定式和動名詞作主語時，動詞用單數(shù)形式，但有AND連接多個不定式或動名詞作主語時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
★ To learn good habits is a matter of concern.
★ 學(xué)習(xí)好的習(xí)慣是一個值得關(guān)注的問題。
★ Writing stories is what I enjoy most.
★ 寫故事是我最喜歡做的事。
★ Singing and playing flute are my hobbies.
★ 唱歌和吹長笛是我的業(yè)余愛好。
★ Reading novels and solving equation are different assignments.
★ 讀小說和解方程式是不同的作業(yè)。
★ To listen to fine music and to have stimulating conversation with good friends are two pleasures in life.
★ 聽優(yōu)美的音樂及與好友饒有趣味地交談是人生的兩大樂事。
◆ 但當(dāng)并列的動名詞或不定式指同一概念或事情時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式：
★ Weeping and wailing does nothing towards solving the problem.
★ 慟哭悲泣對解決此問題無濟于事。
Rule 4:
◆ When a plural noun denoting a period of time, amounts of money, or quantities is considered as a single unit, singular verbs are used.
◆ 當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示時間段、金錢數(shù)額或數(shù)量作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
★ Twenty kilometers seems like a long walk for me.
★ 對我來說，20公里的步行路程似乎很遠。
★ Five years in prison is the penalty he has to pay.
★ 五年的監(jiān)禁是他應(yīng)得的懲罰。
★ Another three weeks is necessary for us to finish the job.
★ 我們還需要三個星期來完成這項工作。
★ Ten dollars for this book is a high price to pay.
★ 這本書售價10美元，價格很高。
★ Ten thousand dollars is quite a large sum.
★ 一萬美金是數(shù)額相當(dāng)大的一筆錢。
Rule 5: 以S結(jié)尾的名詞或名詞詞組作主語時的主謂一致：
◆ Some nouns which are plural in form, but singular in meaning, take a singular verb.
◆ 以S結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科或疾病的名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上是單數(shù)，動詞用單數(shù)形式：mathematics數(shù)學(xué)、 ethics倫理學(xué)、 economics經(jīng)濟學(xué)、 electronics電子學(xué)、 physics物理學(xué)、acoustics音響學(xué)、 linguistics語言學(xué)、 optics光學(xué)、politics政治學(xué)、statistics統(tǒng)計學(xué)、 measles麻疹、 mumps腮腺炎、 diabetes糖尿病、 tuberculosis結(jié)核、 bronchitis支氣管炎、hepatitis肝炎
★ Mathematics is an interesting subject.
★ 數(shù)學(xué)是一門有趣的學(xué)科。
★ Linguistics is quite complicated.
★ 語言學(xué)相當(dāng)復(fù)雜。
★ Measles is a kind of infectious disease.
★ 麻疹是一種傳染性疾病。
★ Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.
★ 糖尿病是由體內(nèi)胰島素分泌失調(diào)引起的。
★ Hepatitis is transmitted by blood transfusion.
★ 輸血可傳播肝炎。
Rule 5:
◆ The title of books or magazines is considered singular and takes a singular verb.
◆ 書籍或雜志名稱作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
★ The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
★ 《一千零一夜》是英語愛好者熟知的一本書。
★ The Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer.
★ 《坎特伯雷故事集》是喬叟寫的。
★ Wuthering Heights is a central book in the canon of English literature.
★ 《呼嘯山莊》是英國文學(xué)原著經(jīng)典中非常重要的一部作品。
Rule 6:
◆ 表示姓氏的專有名詞詞尾加S，前面再加定冠詞THE，表示一家人作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
★ The Smiths were having their breakfast when Andy arrived.
★ 安迪到的時候，史密斯一家正在吃早餐。
Rule 7: 集體名詞
◆ Some collective nouns can take a singular or plural verb depending on its meaning in a sentence. A collective noun is singular when it refers to the group as a unit and plural when it refers to the individual members.
◆ 一些集體名詞的動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)，取決于該名詞在句子中的含義。表示整體時，動詞用單數(shù)，表示個體成員時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如，army軍隊、audience觀眾、public公眾、band樂隊、choir合唱團、class班級、club俱樂部、committee委員會、crew全體工作人員、crowd人群、faculty全體教職工、family家、staff全體職工、government政府、jury陪審團、team 隊、pride獅群、herd牧群。
★ The audience was larger than usual and the concert was a success. – is thought of as a single unit
★ 來的觀眾比平時多，這場音樂會很成功。- 被視為一個整體
★ The audience were all clapping wildly! - is thought of as a collection of individuals
★ 觀眾都在瘋狂地鼓掌! - 被視為每個個體
★ His family is large.
★ 他有一個大家庭。- 被視為一個整體
★ His family have given him their full support.
★ 他的家人給予了他充分的支持。- 被視為每個個體
★ The pride of lions was resting in the shade of a tree.
★ 那群獅子在樹蔭下休息。- 被視為一個整體
★ The herd were tagged and vaccinated against common illnesses. - 被視為每個個體
★ 牧群被貼了標簽、接種了常見疾病疫苗。
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