人教版七年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. play chess 下國(guó)際象棋

2. play the guitar 彈吉他

3. speak English 說(shuō)英語(yǔ)

4. join the swimming club 參加游泳俱樂(lè)部

5. talk to 主動(dòng)跟…說(shuō)話

6. talk with與…說(shuō)話

7. play the piano 彈鋼琴

8. play the drums 敲鼓

9. make friends with與 朋友

10. do kung fu 練 (中國(guó)) 功夫

11. tell stories=tell a story 講故事

12. play games 做游戲

13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末

14 want to do 想要去做

15 music（音樂(lè)）-musician（音樂(lè)家）

◆用法集萃

1. play +棋類/球類 下……棋，打……球 [不戴帽子]

2. play the +樂(lè)器 彈/拉……樂(lè)器[戴帽子]

3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅長(zhǎng)做某事

4. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事

5. be good with sb. 和某人相處地好 be good for 有利于

6. can + 動(dòng)詞原形 能/會(huì)做某事[can是照妖鏡]

7. a little + 不可數(shù)名詞 一點(diǎn)兒……

8. join the …club 加入…俱樂(lè)部；

9. like to do sth. =love to do sth.=like doing=enjoy doing 喜歡/喜愛(ài)做某事 come to my school

◆典句必背

1. Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

2. What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club.

3. You can join the English club.

4. Sounds good./That sounds good.

5 What can you do?

6. I can speak English and I can also play soccer.

7. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721. 8.tell sb (not)to do 告訴某人（不）要去做某事。

8. Are you free?=Do you have time?

Unit 2 What time do you go to school?

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. what time 幾點(diǎn)（具體時(shí)間 ）when （具體時(shí)間或不具體時(shí)間 ）

2. go to school 去上學(xué)

3. get up 起床

4. take a shower 洗淋浴

5. brush teeth 刷牙

6. get to 到達(dá)

7. do homework 做家庭作業(yè)

8. go to work 去上班

9. go home 回家（home是副詞，前不加to）

10. eat breakfast=have breakfast 吃早飯

11. get dressed 穿上衣服

12. get home 到家

13. either…or… 要么…要么…

14. go to bed 上床睡覺(jué)

15. take a walk 散步

16. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening

在上午/下午/晚上

17. lots of=a lot of 許多，大量

（加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞）

18. radio station 廣播電臺(tái)

19. at night 在晚上

20. be late for=arrive late for 遲到

◆用法集萃

1. at + 具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)

2. eat breakfast/ lunch/dinner吃早飯/午飯/晚飯 play sports=do sports 做運(yùn)動(dòng)

3. thirty\half past +基數(shù)詞…點(diǎn)半 seven thirty= half past seven

4. fifteen\a quarter to +基數(shù)詞 差一刻到……點(diǎn) seven fifteen= a quarter past seven; seven forty-five= a quarter to eight

5. from …to …從……到……

6. need to do sth需要做某事

7 either…or…或者 或者（就近原則）Either you or your father likes English.

8 take a walk=go for a walk=have a walk散步

9 eat quickly 吃得快，quickly是副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞eat

10.單詞復(fù)數(shù)tooth-teeth;foot-feet; 腳goose-geese鵝

11.job只能作為可數(shù)名詞，work可作為不可數(shù)名詞，還作為動(dòng)詞

12 half an hour 半小時(shí)

◆典句必背

1. What time do you usually get up? I usually get up at six thirty.

2. That’s a funny time for breakfast.

3. When do students usually eat dinner? They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening. 4. I either watch TV or play computer games.

5. At twelve, she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch..

6. She knows it’s not good for her, but it tastes good. 賓語(yǔ)從句

7. Here are your clothes.倒裝句

Unit 3 How do you get to school?

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. get to school=arrive at school 到達(dá)學(xué)校

2. take the subway 乘地鐵

3. ride a bike 騎自行車

4. how far 多遠(yuǎn)

5. from home to school 從家到學(xué)校

6. every day 每天 everyday日常的

7. take the bus 乘公共汽車

8. leave Beijing for Shanghai 離開北京到上海

9. bus stop 公共汽車站

10. think of 認(rèn)為

11. between … and … 在…和…之間

12. one 11-year-old boy 一個(gè)11歲的男孩

13. play with … 和…玩

14. come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)

15. have to 不得不（客觀事實(shí)）

must 強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀必須

◆用法集萃

1. take… to …= go to … by… 乘…去…I take the bus to school.=I go to school by bus.

2. How do / does （sb）get to …? …是怎樣到…的？How does Mingming get to school?

3. How far is it from … to …? 從…到…有多遠(yuǎn)？（詢問(wèn)距離，發(fā)配） on foot 步行

4. It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間或多少錢。

5. How long does it take to do sth.?花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？（時(shí)間段）go on a ropeway 乘索道

6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是….It 是形式主語(yǔ)，不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)

7. Thanks for + n. / doing 感謝你（做）某事。He is like a father to me.【like】是介詞，表示“像” 8 What do you think of the movie?=How do you like the movie?你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣？

◆典句必背

1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike to school.

2. How far is it from your home to school?

3. How long does it take you to get to school?

4. For many students, it is easy to get to school. 【many】只加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

5. be afraid of sth,害怕某事，某物； be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事

6 There is no bridge. [no]=not a(an)=not any

7.[3 hundred] 3百不加s, hundreds of 數(shù)以百計(jì)的加s

8 stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情，例如：Stop talking! stop to do sth.停下來(lái)去做另一件事情。

Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí) in time及時(shí)

2. listen to music 聽音樂(lè) listen與hear區(qū)別，listen只是聽得動(dòng)作，hear是聽到的結(jié)果，

如I listen carefully，but I hear nothing.

我仔細(xì)聽，但是我什么也沒(méi)聽到。

3. in class 在課上 in the classroom在教室里

4. be late for 遲到=arrive late for

5. go out 外出（娛樂(lè)）

6. be quiet 安靜 ；quite 是“非?！钡囊馑?，

7. do the dishes = wash the dishes清洗餐具

8. make breakfast 做早飯

9. make (one’s) bed 鋪床

10. be noisy 吵鬧noisy是形容詞，

noise是名詞，意為噪音

11.follow the rules遵守規(guī)則

12. play with sb. 和某人一起玩

13. have fun=have a good time

=enjoy oneself 玩得高興

14. make rules制定規(guī)則

15.break the rules 違反規(guī)則

16. on school nights在學(xué)校的夜晚

17. think about 考慮

18. good luck 祝你好運(yùn)

19. after school 放學(xué)后，反義詞，

before在……之前

◆用法集萃

1.Don’t + 動(dòng)詞原形 不要做某事

2. help sb. (to) do sth.幫助某人做某事

3. too many 加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

too much加不可數(shù)名詞

much too加形容詞或副詞，

4. practice doing sth.練習(xí)做某事

5. be strict with sb. 對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格

6. be strict in sth. 在某事方面要求嚴(yán)格

7. learn to do sth. 學(xué)會(huì)做某事

8. keep + 賓語(yǔ)+形容詞 使…保持某種狀態(tài) keep him happy 讓他開心

9.a school uniform 一件校服

◆典句必背

1. Don’t arrive late for class. 上課不要遲到。

2. Can we bring music players to school? 我們可以帶音樂(lè)播放器到學(xué)校嗎？

bring… to 帶來(lái)； take… to 帶走

3. And we always have to wear the school uniform. 并且我們總是不得不穿校服。

4. Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen! 不要把臟盤子留在廚房里！

5. I have to keep my hair short. 我不得不留短發(fā)。

6 No+doing或者No+名詞，例如No swimming! No photos!

Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. kind of = a little 有幾分，有點(diǎn)兒,修飾形容詞，表示程度

2. be from / come from 來(lái)自

3. South Africa 南非

4. all day=the whole day 整天

5. for a long time 很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 for 加時(shí)間段，for 2 hours

6. get lost 迷路

7. places with food and water 有食物和水的地方with是介詞，表示【帶有】的含義

8. cut down 砍 倒 cut up切碎,代詞只能放中間，如 cut them down cut them up

9. be in (great) danger 處于（極大）危險(xiǎn)之中 dangerous 形容詞；危險(xiǎn)的

10. things made of ivory 由象牙制成的東西

◆用法集萃

1. —Why為什Because因?yàn)?/p>

2. let sb. do sth.讓某人做某事

3. want to do sth. 想要做某事

4. one of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) …之一 ，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)， One of the boys is from China.

5. forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事[沒(méi)有做]

6. forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事

7. help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事

8. be friendly to sb. =be kind to sb 對(duì)某人友好

◆典句必背

1. Why do you like pandas?你為什么喜歡熊貓?

2.Because they’re kind of interesting. 因?yàn)樗鼈冇悬c(diǎn)兒有趣。

3. Why don’t you like tigers =Why not like tigers 你為什么不喜歡老虎

Because they’re scary. 因?yàn)樗鼈儑樔恕?/p>

4.Where are lions from?=Where do lions come from?

They’re from South Africa=They’re from South Africa.

5. Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost. 大象能走很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間并且從不迷路。

6. They can also remember places with food and water. 它們也能記住有食物和水的地方。

7. But elephants are in great danger. 但是，大象處于極大危險(xiǎn)之中。

8. People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes.

人們砍倒了許多樹，因此，大象漸漸失去它們的家園。

9. Today there are only about 3,000 elephants (over 100,000 before)

over=more than=超過(guò) 現(xiàn)在僅有大約3000頭大象（之前超過(guò)10萬(wàn)頭大象）。

10.Isn’t she beautiful? 她難道不美麗嗎？[反義疑問(wèn)句]

Unit 6 I’m watching TV.

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. watch TV 看電視

2. read a newspaper= read newspapers

看報(bào)紙

3. talk on the phone 通過(guò)電話交談

4. use the computer 使用電腦

5. make soup做湯

6. do some shopping=go shopping購(gòu)物

7.eat out 出去吃飯

8.go to the movies=see a film

=go to the cinema看電影

9.on TV在電視上

10 .any other night

任何其他的一個(gè)，加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

11.live in 住在

12. read a story to sb 給人讀故事

13. wish to do 希望去做某事

14. in the living room 在客廳

15. join sb for sth加入某人做某事如

He joins us for soccer,他參加我們打足球

◆用法集萃

1.watch,look,see,read: watch看電視，看比賽；look看得動(dòng)作，后加at;

see強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果，指看到。 read讀書，看報(bào)

2. This is Bob (speaking)!我是Bob。Is that Mary? 你是Mary嗎？（打電話用語(yǔ)）

3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 be +doing ,缺一不可

①以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的詞去 e再加 ing，

如take-taking make-making,have-having,exercise-exercising

②需要雙寫詞尾字母的動(dòng)詞有，

shop-shopping,stop,,run, get,sit,dig(挖)，put，begin,swim,chat(聊天)。

4. I’d love / like to do sth. 我愿意做某事。

5. —What + be+ 主語(yǔ)+ doing? …正在做什么 —主語(yǔ)+ be + doing sth.…正在做某事。

◆典句必背

1. —Why are you doing? 你在做什么？—I’m watching TV. 我在看電視。

2. —What’s she doing? 她在做什么？—She’s washing her clothes. 她在洗她的衣服。

3. —What are they doing? 他們?cè)谧鍪裁?？—They’re listening to a CD. 他們?cè)诼犚粡圕D 唱片。 4. —Are you doing your homework? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. I’m cleaning my room.

5. Zhu Hui misses his family and wishes to have his mom’s delicious zongzi.

朱輝思念他的家人并希望吃上他媽媽的可口粽子。

Unit 7 It’s raining!

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. not bad 不錯(cuò) not good 不好

2. at the park= in the park 在公園

3. take a message for=give sb a message

為…捎個(gè)口信,message是可數(shù)名詞

4. have a good time doing/ have a great time doing / have fun doing做heavy. 雨下得大。

◆典句必背

1. How’s the weather?=What’s the weather like? 天氣怎么樣？

2. It’s cloudy. / It’s sunny. / It’s raining.

3. How’s it going?= How’s everything going? 情況怎么樣？

Great! / Not bad. / Terrible! 好極了！/ 不錯(cuò)。

4.Just so-so.馬馬虎虎。

5. Can I take a message for him? 我給他捎個(gè)口信好嗎？

6. I’m having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada. 我正在加拿大愉快地拜訪我的姨媽

7. My family and I are on a vacation in the mountains. 我和我的家人正在山里度假。

8. It’s hot in your country now, isn’t it? 現(xiàn)在你的國(guó)家天氣炎熱，不是嗎？

Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. post office 郵局

2. police station警察局

3. pay phone付費(fèi)電話

4. Bridge Street 橋街

5. Center Street

6. near here 附近

7. across from 在…對(duì)面

8 be free 免費(fèi)（有空）

9. next to 緊挨

10. between… and…

11. in front of 在…前面

12. excuse me 勞駕，打擾了

13. far from 離…遠(yuǎn)

14. go along… 沿著…走

15. turn right / left 向右 / 左轉(zhuǎn)

16. on the(或one’s) right / left

在（某人的）右邊 / 左邊

17. in my neighborhood 在我的街區(qū)

18. look like=be like像

19. in life 一生中

20. behind在后面

21. Thanks so much.= Thanks a lot.多謝

22. cross the street=go across the street

穿過(guò)馬路

◆用法集萃

1. Turn right / left at the first crossing. 在第一個(gè)路口向右 / 左轉(zhuǎn)

2. spend + 時(shí)間 / 金錢 + on sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢在 He spends 2hours on English.

spend + 時(shí)間 / +金錢 (in) doing sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事He spends 2hours reading English

還可以換成It takes him 2hours to read English. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事

3. watch sb. doing 觀看某人正在做某事 I watch him swimming.

4. in front of 在物體外部的前面；in the front of在物體內(nèi)部的前面

◆典句必背

1. Is there a hospital near here這附近有醫(yī)院?jiǎn)?/p>

Yes, there is. It’s on Bridge Street. 是的，有。它在橋街上。

2. Where’s Center Street? 噢…中心大街在哪里？—It’s not too far from here. 它離這兒不太遠(yuǎn)。

3. Go along long Street and it’s on the right. 沿著長(zhǎng)街走，它在右邊。

4. To get there,I often walk out.為了到達(dá)那里，我常常走出來(lái)。動(dòng)詞不定式作為目的狀語(yǔ)。

Unit 9 What does he look like?

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. short hair 短發(fā)

2. long hair 長(zhǎng)

3. curly hair 卷發(fā)

4. straight hair 直發(fā)

blonde hair 金黃色的頭發(fā)

5. (be) of medium height中等個(gè)子

6. (be) of medium build 中等身材

7. in the end 最后

8. a long face 長(zhǎng)臉

9. black hair 黑發(fā)

10. a big nose 大鼻子

11. a small mouth 小嘴巴 He has a big mouth.他喜歡說(shuō)別人壞話。

He has a wide mouth 他長(zhǎng)著一張大嘴。

12.He has big eyes 大眼睛,不能加a,眼睛是兩只

13.wear glasses戴眼鏡，作為眼鏡用復(fù)數(shù)，作為玻璃不可數(shù)，但玻璃杯可數(shù)，

如a glass of tea 一杯茶

14. the same way 同樣的方式

15.hair頭發(fā)通常不可數(shù)，但如果指一根一根的頭發(fā)就可數(shù)，如3 hairs

◆用法集萃

1. What does / do + 主語(yǔ) + look like? 長(zhǎng)得什么樣？

2. sb. + be + of + medium build / height 某人中等身材/個(gè)子

3. sb. + has +… hair 某人留著…發(fā), He has long curly black hair (形容詞順序：長(zhǎng)形色)

4. sb. wears + clothes/glasses 某人穿著/戴著…

◆典句必背

1. —What does he look like? 他長(zhǎng)什么樣(外貌)—He’s really tall. 他真的很高。

What is he like?他這個(gè)人怎么樣？(性格，氣質(zhì)，內(nèi)在特別) He’s really quiet.他很內(nèi)向。.

2. —Do they have straight or curly hair? 他們留直發(fā)還是卷發(fā)？

【選擇疑問(wèn)句】—They have curly hair.

3. —Is he tall or short? 他高還是矮？【選擇疑問(wèn)句】一般不能用yes,no回答。

—He isn’t tall or short. He’s of medium height. 他不高不矮，他中等個(gè)子。

4. The man with a pair of glasses is my English teacher. 那個(gè)戴眼鏡的男人是我的英語(yǔ)老師。

Unit 10 I’d like some noodles.

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. would like to do = want to do想要去做

2. take one’s order

3. beef soup 牛肉

4. one bowl of… 一碗

2 bowls of 兩碗

5. what size什么尺寸

6. mapo tofu with rice帶有米飯的麻婆豆腐

7. what kind 什么種類

8. a small / medium / large bowl of

小/ 中/大碗

9. green tea 綠茶black tea 紅茶

10. orange juice 橘汁

11. around the world=all over the world

世界各地

12. birthday cake 生日蛋糕

13. the number of的數(shù)量

14. make a wish 許原

15. blow out the candles吹滅蠟燭

16. in one go=in one breath 一口氣

17. come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)

18. cut up 切碎

◆用法集萃

1. would like + sth. 想要某物

2. would like + to do sth. 想要做某事

3. Why don’t you + do sth.?= Why not + do sth.? =Let’s do sth. 何不做某事？

4. the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) ?的數(shù)量，如The number of students is

5. a number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 許多…A number of students are from China.

◆典句必背

1. What kind of noodles would you like? 你想要哪種面條？

2. I’d like beef noodles, please. 我想要牛肉面。

3. What size would you like? 你想要多大的？. I’d like a medium bowl, please. 我想要一個(gè)中碗的。 4. Would you like some eggs? 你想要一個(gè)大碗的嗎？. Yes, please. 好吧。No,thanks.

Some用于肯定句和表示請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句，any用于否定句和普通的疑問(wèn)句

5. If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true.

【條件狀語(yǔ)從句】 假如他或她一口氣吹滅所有的蠟燭，愿望將實(shí)現(xiàn)。

Unit 11 How was your school trip?

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. go for a walk=have a walk

=take a walk 去散步

2. milk a cow 擠牛奶

3. ride a horse 騎馬

4. feed chickens 喂小雞, chicken，雞肉 不可數(shù)，小雞可數(shù)

5. learn about 了解

6. not… at all 一點(diǎn)也不，

Not at all.不用謝

7. quite a lot 相當(dāng)多

8. show around 帶領(lǐng)參觀

11. grow strawberries 種植草莓

12. pick strawberries 采草莓

13. in the countryside 在鄉(xiāng)下

14. go fishing 去釣魚

15. at night 在夜晚

16. a lot of= lots of 許多；大量,加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞，

many只加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),much只加不可數(shù)名詞,

17. come out 出來(lái)

18. go on a school trip 去學(xué)校郊

19. along the way 沿線

20. after that 之后

21. buy sth. for sb.= buy sb. sth.為某人買某物

22. all in all 總的來(lái)說(shuō)

23. be interested in 對(duì)…感興趣，主語(yǔ)是人

◆用法集萃

1. How + be…? + like? …怎么樣？

2. teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人怎樣做某事teach sb.to do 教某人去做某事

3. quite + a / an + 形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) = a + very + 形容詞

+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)一個(gè)相當(dāng) / 很…如：quite a big tree= a very big tree好大一棵樹

◆典句必背

1. —How was your school trip? 你的學(xué)校郊游怎么樣？—It was great! 好極了！

2. —Did you go to the zoo? 你去動(dòng)物園了嗎？

—No, I didn’t. I went to a farm. 不，沒(méi)有。我去農(nóng)場(chǎng)了。

3.Did you see any cows? 你看見一些牛奶了嗎？

Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot. 是的，我看見了，我看見相當(dāng)多（的奶牛）

4. —Were the strawberries good? 這些草莓是好的嗎？

— Yes, they were. 是的，它們是。 / No, they weren’t. 不，它們不是。

5. Everything was about robots and I’m not interested in that.

一切都是關(guān)于機(jī)器人的，我對(duì)那方面不感興趣。

Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. do my homework 做我的家庭作業(yè)

2. a swimming pool

3. go boating / camping 去劃船 /去野營(yíng)

4. play badminton 打羽毛球

5. on Saturday morning 在星期六早上

6. work as 以…身份而工作

7. have a good weekend 周末過(guò)得開心

8.move into移進(jìn)

9. stay up late 熬夜

10. run away 跑開

11. shout at 對(duì)…大聲叫嚷(有惡意人) ；shout to（無(wú)惡意） 沖…呼喊

12. fly a kite =fly kites 放風(fēng)箏

13. high school 中學(xué)

14. put up a tent 搭起帳篷，舉起

15. in the countryside 在鄉(xiāng)下

16. get a surprise 吃驚

17. make a fire 生火

18. each other 互相

19. so… that… 如此…以至于…

引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

20. go to sleep 入睡

21. the next morning 第二天早上

22. look out of…向…外看

23. wake…up 把…弄醒，代詞必須放中間，如wake him up

24.jump up and down 跳上跳下

◆用法集萃

1. go + doing 去做某事go boating

2. 時(shí)間段+ ago …前,3 days ago

3. keep + sb. / sth. + 形容詞 / 副詞 / 介詞短語(yǔ) 使…保持…

4. let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事

5. see sb. doing sth. 看見某人正在做某事

6. start to do / doing sth. 開始做某事

◆典句必背

1. —What did you do last weekend? 上個(gè)周末你做什么了？

—I did my homework. / We went boating. 我做了我的家庭作業(yè)。/我們?nèi)澊恕?/p>

2. —Who visited her grandma? 誰(shuí)看望了她的奶奶？— Becky did. 貝姬看望了。

3. My sister finished high school two weeks ago. 我的姐姐兩周前中學(xué)畢業(yè)了。

4. But I was so tired that I went to sleep early.

但是我是如此疲倦，以至于我很早就睡著了。 [引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句]

新人教版｜七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)全部語(yǔ)法都在這，15分鐘全部搞懂！

一. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法

can+動(dòng)詞原形，它不隨主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)而變化。

1. 含有can的肯定句：主語(yǔ)+can+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的原形+其他。

2. 含有can的否定句：主語(yǔ)+cant+動(dòng)詞的原形+其他。

3. 變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，把can提前：Can+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主語(yǔ)+can。否定回答：No，主語(yǔ)+cant.

4. 含有can的特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+can+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？

I can speak English.→I cant speak English.→Can you speak English? →What can you speak?

二. what time和when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句

1. 詢問(wèn)幾點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)用what time，詢問(wèn)日期、月份、年份時(shí)用when。

2. Whats the time?=What time is it?現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？

3. 時(shí)刻表達(dá)法：順讀法和逆讀法。

順讀法：“鐘點(diǎn)+分鐘”直接讀數(shù)字。

如：7: 05 seven five；8:16 eight sixteen

逆讀法：借助介詞past或to表示，要先說(shuō)分再說(shuō)鐘點(diǎn)。

a. 當(dāng)分鐘不超過(guò)30分鐘時(shí)（包括30分鐘），即<或=30，用past表示。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：“分鐘+past+整點(diǎn)” 意為“幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分”。

如：1:25 twenty-five past one

b. 當(dāng)超過(guò)30分鐘時(shí)，即>30，用to表示。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：“所差分鐘（即60—所 過(guò)分鐘數(shù)）+to+下一個(gè)整點(diǎn)”，to譯成“差”，差幾分鐘到幾點(diǎn)。

如：4:38 twenty-two to five

c. 當(dāng)分鐘為30分鐘用half表示，當(dāng)分鐘為15分鐘用a quarter。

三. how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句

1. how 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句提問(wèn)交通方式，其答語(yǔ)分三種情況：

a. take a/an/the+交通工具（單數(shù)）

b. by+交通工具（單數(shù)）

c. on/in+限定詞+交通工具

---How do you go to school every day?

---I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go to school on the bus every day.

2. how far 用來(lái)提問(wèn)距離，多遠(yuǎn)，其答語(yǔ)分為兩種：

（1）用長(zhǎng)度單位表示：It is five kilometers.

（2）用時(shí)間表示：It’s twenty minutes’walk.

3. how long 用來(lái)提問(wèn)時(shí)間，意為多久回答常用“for+段時(shí)”。

----How long have you learnt English?

----For 3 years.

4. how soon 用來(lái)提問(wèn)做完某事還需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間， 用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)， 常用“in+時(shí)間段”來(lái)回答。

----How soon will you arrive in Beijing? ----In 3 hours.

四. 祈使句

祈使句一般表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸說(shuō)、號(hào)召、警告等。一般以動(dòng)詞原形開頭，句末可以用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)。

1. 肯定的祈使句：

(1) 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+其他 ：Please look at that boy.

(2) be動(dòng)詞原形+形容詞+其他：Be quiet, please.

2. 否定的祈使句：

(1) Don’t+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+原形 Dont stand there.

(2) Don’t be+形容詞+其他 Dont be so noisy.

(4) No+n./V-ing

No photos. 不許照相。

No talking. 不許談話。

五. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)指當(dāng)前時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與now，at this moment，listen，look等詞連用。

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)：be+動(dòng)詞ing形式

They are having class.

He is eating lunch.

變?yōu)榉穸ň渲苯釉赽e動(dòng)詞之后加not，其他不變；變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句直接把be動(dòng)詞提到句首，其他不變。

They are having class.→They are not having class.→ Are they having class?

He is eating lunch.→ He is not eating lunch. → Is he eating lunch?

六. There be結(jié)構(gòu)

1. There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處有某人（某物），強(qiáng)調(diào)存在”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be＋某物（某人）＋某地”，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)，也可把地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)放在句首。

There is a book on the desk.

On the desk there is a book.

2. have表示“某人擁有某人或某物，強(qiáng)調(diào)擁有和所屬關(guān)系”。

The man has two cars.

3. There be句型中的就近原則，即be和距其最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor.

七. 選擇疑問(wèn)句

選擇疑問(wèn)句是指說(shuō)話人提出兩種或以上的情況，讓對(duì)方選擇是哪一種，兩個(gè)選擇部分用or連接。選擇疑問(wèn)句不用yes或no來(lái)回答，直接在兩個(gè)選擇里選一個(gè)回答。

---Is she tall or short? ---She is tall.

---Can you play the piano or play the guitar? ---I can play the piano

八. 名詞

1. 名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則

在英語(yǔ)里面，名詞分可數(shù)名詞（countable noun）和不可數(shù)名詞（uncountable noun）。不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，用時(shí)只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用；可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，一個(gè)的前面要用a或an，eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card，而復(fù)數(shù)即兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的要作相應(yīng)的變化，情況如下：

(1)一般的詞在單數(shù)詞后直接+“s”

book→books，pen→pens，car→cars，map→maps，cartoon→cartoons

(2)以s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾的詞+“es”

box→boxes，watch→watches

(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞去掉“y”，改成“i”，再加“es”

family→families，comedy→comedies

(4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，先去掉f或fe，改成“v”再加es

knife→knives，wife→wives，handkerchief→handkerchieves

(5) 特殊詞，特殊變化，需單獨(dú)記：

child→children，man→men，foot→feet，woman→women

tooth→teeth，sheep→sheep，deer→deer

2. 既是可數(shù)名詞又是不可數(shù)名詞的單詞

chicken當(dāng)“雞肉”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)，當(dāng)“小雞”講時(shí)可數(shù)；

room當(dāng)“空間”講時(shí)不可數(shù)，當(dāng)“房間”講時(shí)可數(shù)；

fish當(dāng)食物用“魚、魚肉”講時(shí)不可數(shù)，當(dāng)“魚的種類”講時(shí)可數(shù)；

hair泛指“毛發(fā)”時(shí)不可數(shù)，當(dāng)“一根或幾根毛發(fā)”講時(shí)可數(shù)；

sound意思是“一般性的聲音”時(shí)，不可數(shù)，指“一次發(fā)出的聲音”時(shí)可數(shù)；

paper當(dāng)“紙”講時(shí)不可數(shù)，當(dāng)“試卷”、“論文”、“證件”講時(shí)可數(shù)；

time當(dāng)“時(shí)間”講時(shí)不可數(shù)，當(dāng)“時(shí)代、倍數(shù)、次數(shù)”講時(shí)可數(shù)；

exercise泛指“鍛煉”時(shí)不可數(shù)，當(dāng)“練習(xí)、做操”講時(shí)可數(shù)

九. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)（與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)） 。常與yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等過(guò)去具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

He was here just now.

他剛才還在這里。

What did you do yesterday?

你昨天做了什么事？

一般過(guò)去時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)

1. 肯定句形式：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他 　

I was an English teacher one year ago.

一年前我是一名英語(yǔ)老師。

I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午我買了一條黃裙子。

2. 否定句形式：①was/were+not; ②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞　

I wasnt an English teacher one year ago.

一年前我不是一名英語(yǔ)老師。

I didnt buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午我沒(méi)買一條黃裙子。

3. 一般疑問(wèn)句：①was/were提到句首； ②Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？ 　　

Were you an English teacher one year ago?

一年前你是一名英語(yǔ)老師嗎？

Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?

昨天下午你買了一條黃裙子嗎？

4. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句

What were you one year ago?

一年前你是做什么的？